Driving a forklift is a serious task. You must be trained and authorized before you operate one. OSHA requires formal training, practical instruction, and evaluation for every operator.

Before you start (quick checks)

Do these every shift. Keep the list short and repeatable.

• Confirm you are certified to use this truck.
  
• Wear PPE: steel-toe boots, high-vis vest, gloves if needed.
  
• Do a pre-use inspection: tires, forks, mast, lights, horn, seatbelt, brakes, fluid levels, battery/fuel. If anything is wrong, tag the truck out and tell maintenance.
  
• Check the environment: clear aisles, stable floor, ramps and slopes, people in the area.
  
• Know the load weight and center of gravity before you lift.
  

Step-by-step: basic operation

Follow these simple steps on a typical electric or IC (gas/LPG/diesel) forklift. Controls vary by make and model. Read the operator’s manual first.

1. Mount and secure
   Use three points of contact when you get on: two hands and one foot. Fasten the seatbelt on sit-down trucks. Check mirrors.
   
2. Start the truck
   Turn the key or press the start switch. Let electrical systems come online. Listen for unusual noises. Test the horn and lights.
   
3. Test controls
   Move the lift/lower and tilt controls slowly. Test the forward/reverse lever and the service brake. Make sure the parking brake works.
   
4. Drive at walking pace until you know the truck
   Forklifts steer with the rear wheels. They turn opposite a car. Drive slowly and practice smooth steering.
   
5. Approach the load
   Square the truck to the pallet. Keep forks low (2–4 inches) and level. Move in until the forks fully enter the pallet.
   
6. Lift safely
   Lift the load a few inches. Tilt the mast back slightly for stability. Check that the load sits evenly on the forks. Do not lift a load that blocks your view; drive backward if necessary.
   
7. Travel with a load
   Keep the load low. Move slowly, especially on turns or ramps. Avoid sudden stops. Watch for pedestrians and obstructions.
   
8. Place the load
   Position the truck, level the forks, and lift only as high as needed. Lower the load slowly and pull back before lowering the forks fully.
   
9. Park and shut down
   Park on level ground. Lower forks to the floor. Set the parking brake. Turn off the power and remove the key.
   

Handling common situations

• On ramps: keep the load uphill when possible. Drive straight up or down; do not turn on a slope.
  
• If the load blocks view: drive in reverse or use a spotter.
  
• If you feel the truck tipping: lean away from the fall, brace, and stay with the truck if possible. Do not jump out while it’s tipping.
  
• Battery charging/refueling: follow safe procedures for your site. Only change or charge batteries in designated areas.
  

Simple safety tips

• Never carry passengers unless the forklift is designed for it.
  
• Avoid speeding. Most facilities set a site speed limit.
  
• Use the horn at intersections and blind spots.
  
• Keep clear of conveyors and pinch points.
  
• Report faults immediately. Don’t hide defects to “save time.”

FAQ

1) How long does forklift training take?
Training includes classroom theory, practical exercises, and an evaluation. Time varies by employer and type of truck. Expect several hours to multiple days of supervised practice. Employers must document the training.

2) What should I inspect before I start?
Do a pre-use checklist: tires, forks, mast, controls, lights, horn, brakes, steering, battery/fuel, and safety devices. If in doubt, stop and ask.

3) Can a teen operate a forklift?
No. By law, powered industrial trucks must not be operated by people under 18 and must only be used by properly trained adults.